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The Abduction of Persephone, Locri Epizephyrii, Calabria, Italy

Italy: Locri Epizephyrii, Gerace
April 2024

Locri Epizephyrii Gerace
Pietra dura, Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, Gerace, Italy

 

Gerace was one of our favourite places in Calabria, a lovely medieval city with an enormous cathedral which reused columns from the ancient Greek site of Locri Epizephyrii.

Locri Epizephyrii

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Locri

 

Locri Epizephyrii, north along the coast from the Villa Romana di Casignana, is a vast ancient Greek site, but curiously uninspiring. Though occupying a very large area, very little remains beyond foundations of buildings. The site needs smaller information boards at points of interest. There are large, very detailed information boards at each large section of the site are unhelpful as you can't refer to them as you walk around.

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Sanctuary of Marasa
One of the most important of Locri's sanctuaries, situated in the north east corner close to the city walls in what is now the district of Marasa. The original Greek temple dates from 7th/6th century BC. In the first half of the 5th century BC the archaic temple was demolished and a new, Ionic, temple was built.2

The museum has a lot of interesting artefacts though.

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Grave goods including bone flute, 6th/5th c BC; and a lyre made with a tortoise shell, 5th c BC.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum

Locri Epizephyrii was originally a Greek colony founded in the 7th century BC.2 Settlers arrived from Locris in central Greece and disembarked at Cape Zephyrium, which explains the origin of the name Locri Epizephyrii. The society had an unusually strong matriarchal element.

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Perfume pot in the shape of a duck.
Necropolis of Lucifero, end 5th, beginning 4th c BC,.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum

In the second half of the 6th century BC Locri became the dominant force in the region, after a number of battles with other colonies. Wars continued in the 5th century BC, especially at the tome of the Peloponnesian War when Athens aimed to gain control of colonies in Italy and Sicily. During this time Locri forged a strong alliance with Syracuse. Locri reached its peak of prosperity in the fourth century BC but during the third century BC the Romans began to take over in the region, taking control of what had once been Magna Graecia.

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Krater, used for liquid offerings at a burial ground.
Necropolis of Lucifero, 380-360 BC.
Often these were broken into pieces and scattered at the burial.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum
Locri

Small altar depicting a fight between Achilles and Memnon.
Manella Sanctuary, 525-500 BC.
Archaeological Museum Reggio Calabria
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Bronze Mirror
Necropolis of Lucifero, end sixth c BC.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum

During the Second Punic War, when Hannibal crossed the Alps and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Romans at Cannae, southern Italy fell under Carthaginian control. This situation endured for only about ten years, however, and Rome recaptured Locri in 205 BC.

 

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The snake was a symbol of fertility and eternal life.
Sanctuary of Demeter. fifth c BC.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum
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Statue from the Temple of "Casa Marafioti".
The young male rider on a horse is supported by a sphinx.
Second half fifth century BC.
Archaeological Museum Reggio Calabria


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The Abduction of Persephone
One of the famous pinakes, terracotta relief plaques dating from the first half of the fifth century BC.
Sanctuary of Persephone at Mannella near the walls of Locri.
Locri Epizephyrii Museum
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House of the Lions
Fifth Century BC
Locri Epizephyrii Museum
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Remains of a kiln in Centomare.
Clay items were placed on the dimpled floor of this firing chamber. Below this was a pillared combustion chamber heated through a tunnel where wood was burned. The kiln was made from mud bricks which were naturally fired during the process. The firing chamber was demolished to get the clay objects out.
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Ruins in the Centomare district.

The Centomare district, close to the harbour, was occupied with closely-packed houses and workshops, mostly active between the fourth and third century BC.

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Cast for a female figure with a lotus bud above, female busts, all sixth-fifth c BC and a crouching Bes (originally an Egyptian god) fifth-fourth c BC.
Locri

 

Gerace

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Entrance to Gerace.

 

 

Gerace is a lovely medieval city. We parked outside one of the entrance gates and went directly to lunch a Il Brillo Parlante, a restaurant we really liked.

 

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"Come and try the real tastes of Calabria"
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Lunch at Il Brillo Parlante.

 

It was very much a traditional place which is the kind we like best.

We had pasta - mine a Gerace pasta with sun-dried tomatoes, olives, anchovies and peperonchino while Andrew had Tre Sapori with veal, pork and sausage. They were both very good, though the local thick pasta is not my favourite. We had the local red wine too which was quite unusual but fine. Excellent coffee.

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View from a belvedere on the east side of Gerace.

Then we explored the village which seems to have been a favourite of Edward Lear, an artist but more famous for his nonsense poems and particularly the limerick form.

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Inside Chiesa della Nunziatella is badly damaged from the earthquake.
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Chiesa della Nunziatella
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Church of St Theodore or Nunziatella

The small 10th century Church of St Theodore has an alternative name, Chiesa della Nunziatella, which comes from its links with the Convent of the Most Holy Lady of the Annunciation. The convent was destroyed and the church badly damaged in the earthquake of 1783. Inside there is still a great deal of damage but there are still traces of Byzantine frescoes.

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Traces of Byzantine fresco in the apse of Chiesa della Nunziatella.
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Gerace, olive groves and the Ionian Sea.
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The cathedral is enormous with beautiful columns taken from Locri. It dates back to the 11th/12th century and probably stands on the site of the 8th century Byzantine church of the Haghia Kyriake.

The Bishop's Arch, or Meridian Arch, adjoining the cathedral, is one of the twelve original gates of the city. It must date back to the late 16th century. The gate was not really a means of defence, rather a way to close off the Piazza Tribuna and the cathedral complex which included the cathedral, Bishop's palace and seminary.

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Cathedral and Bishop's Arch in Piazza Tribuna.
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Inside the cathedral.
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Entrance to San Francesco d'Assisi dating from the 13th-14th century.
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Piazza delle Tre Chiese
On the left the Chiesa di San Giovannello, on the right the Chiesa del SacreoCuore. The third is Chiesa San Francesco d'Assisi.

Inside Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, which stands on Piazza delle Tre Chiese, there is some beautiful pietra dura, inlaid highly polished marble creating patterns and scenes.

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Pietra Dura in San Francesco d'Assisi.
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Gerace is a lovely place, one of my favourites in Calabria, I was so glad we visited, especially as it was out of season and there we were the only ones visiting.

 

References

  1. Locri Epizephyrii